Plant Diversity
Ecological Community Distribution in Washington – (CP region includes Smoot Hill)
Vascular Plants of Washington – (CP region includes Smoot Hill)
Non-Vascular Plants of Washington – (CP region includes Smoot Hill)
Insect and Arthropod Diversity
Dilworth, K. A., Borowiec, M. L., Cohen, A. L., Mickelson, G. S., Oeller, E. C., Crowder, D. W., & Clark, R. E. 2021. Ants of the Palouse Prairie: diversity and species composition in an endangered grassland. Biodiversity data journal, 9, e65768. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e65768
Looney, C. 2008. Habitat loss and fragmentation on the Palouse and its impact on arthropod conservation. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Environmental Science, University of Idaho.
T.D. Hatten, C. Looney, J. P. Strange, N. A. Bosque-Pérez. 2013. Bumble bee fauna of Palouse Prairie: Survey of native bee pollinators in a fragmented ecosystem, Journal of Insect Science, Volume 13, Issue 1, 26, https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.2601
Bird Diversity
Dr. Pam Brunsfeld, retired University of Idaho Systematic Botany Instructor and retired Curator of UI Stillinger Herbarium inspecting a Castilleja sp., likely C. lutescens (Greenm.) Rydb. (Pale paintbrush)
Native Bombus sp. (bumblebee) on Balsamorhiza sagitatta (Arrowleaf Balsamroot)
Selasphorus calliope, a hummingbird native to the Palouse Prairie
General Diversity
Animal and Invertebrate Diversity
Ecological Community Distribution in WA – (CP region includes Smoot Hill)
Soil Microbial Diversity
(See section below for cyanobacterial and algal diversity)
Daniel C. Schlatter, Christopher M. Baugher, Kendall Kahl, David R. Huggins, Jodi L. Johnson-Maynard, Timothy C. Paulitz. 2019. Bacterial communities of soil and earthworm casts of native Palouse Prairie remnants and no-till wheat cropping systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 139:107625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107625.
Laura L. Ingwell, Christelle Lacroix, Paul R. Rhoades, Alexander V. Karasev, Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez. 2017. Agroecological and environmental factors influence Barley yellow dwarf viruses in grasslands in the US Pacific Northwest, Virus Research. 241: 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.010.
Westover, K. M., A. C. Kennedy, and S. E. Kelley. 1997. Patterns of rhizosphere microbial community structure associated with co-occurring plant species. Journal of Ecology 85: 863-873.
Mammal Diversity
Randall, J. A. and R. E. Johnson 1979. Population densities and habitat occupancy by Microtus longicaudus and Microtus montanus. Journal of Mammalogy 60: 217-219
Balsamorhiza sagitatta (Arrowleaf Balsamroot) and other native species on Smoot Hill
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in plant roots (Cheeke Lab, WSU)
Illustration of Thomomys talpoides (Pocket Gopher), native to the Palouse Prairie
(From Christensen and Larrison, Mammals of the Pacific Northwest: A Pictorial
Introduction.)
Moss and Lichen Diversity (Biological Soil Crusts)
(Research in progress)
Cyanobacterial and Algal Diversity (Biological Soil Crusts)
Ashley, J. 1988. Soil algal population and community biology: lLaboratory and field studies. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Botany, Washington State University.
(2011) The tangled taxonomic history of Dictyococcus, Bracteacoccus and Pseudomuriella (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) and their distinction based on a phylogenetic perspective, Phycologia, 50:4, 422-429, DOI: 10.2216/10-69.1
Metting, F. B. 1979. A comparative study of algal communities on cultivated and uncultivated portions of a Schumacher silt loam. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Botany, Washington State University.
Metting, F. B. 1980. New species of green microalgae (Chlorophycophyta) from an eastern Washington silt loam. Phycologia 19: 296–306.
Moss, Bryum sp., viewed through a magnifying hand lens 
Biological soil crust consisting of mosses (green) and lichens (black and white)
Illustration of algal morphology
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(From R. Daubenmire, 1970. Steppe vegetation of Washington. Technical Bulletin 62. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, College of Agriculture, Washington Agricultural Experiment Station.)
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