{"id":65,"date":"2017-09-27T20:36:26","date_gmt":"2017-09-28T03:36:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/?page_id=65"},"modified":"2018-11-29T08:45:51","modified_gmt":"2018-11-29T16:45:51","slug":"applications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/research\/applications\/","title":{"rendered":"Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"builder-section-1506569629978\" class=\"row single h1-header gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<h1>Applications<\/h1>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1506569664273\" class=\"row single h1-header gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.freewebheaders.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/gallery\/liquids-headers\/blue-sea-water-background-header.jpg');\" class=\"column one \">\n<h1>.<\/h1>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1519508257302\" class=\"row single h1-header gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1519508282803\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Integrated Watershed Modeling<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<p>Watersheds are complex systems and investigating their behaviors takes special tools. We use the integrated hydrologic modeling platform ParFlow (see codes page) to create physically based geometries and define watershed properties for direct numerical simulation. These simulations allow us to test feedbacks between surface and groundwater, simulate land surface processes, and simulate chemical changes over time.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t#builder-section-1519508435993 .builder-banner-slide {\n\t\tpadding-bottom: 600px;\n\t}\n\t@media screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 960px) {\n\t\t#builder-section-1519508435993 .builder-banner-slide {\n\t\t\tpadding-bottom: 62.5%;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t<\/style>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1519508435993\" class=\"row single builder-section gutter pad-top  builder-section-prev-wsuwpsingle builder-section-banner builder-section-next-wsuwpsingle\">\n<div class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Construction of a watershed model<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"builder-section-content cycle-slideshow\" data-cycle-log=\"false\" data-cycle-slides=\"div.builder-banner-slide\" data-cycle-swipe=\"true\" data-cycle-fx=\"scrollHorz\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-slide content-position-none first-slide\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/02\/Topes_Elev.png&#039;);\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"builder-banner-slide-title\">Surface elevations<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-slide content-position-none\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/02\/Topes_G1.png&#039;);\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"builder-banner-slide-title\">Alluvial fill in the valleys<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-slide content-position-none\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/02\/Topes_G2.png&#039;);\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"builder-banner-slide-title\">Adding river deposits<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-slide content-position-none\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/02\/Topes_G3.png&#039;);\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"builder-banner-slide-title\">Adding compressed bedrock<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-slide content-position-none\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/02\/Topes_G4.png&#039;);\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"builder-banner-slide-title\">Adding rocky ridges<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-slide content-position-none\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/02\/Topes_Zones.png&#039;);\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"builder-banner-slide-title\">Full hydrofacies model<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-slide content-position-none\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/02\/Topes_Perms.png&#039;);\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"builder-banner-slide-title\">Final permeability field<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-banner-inner-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"cycle-pager\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cycle-prev\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cycle-next\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1506962036405\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Reactive transport and remediation<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<p>Chemical reactions are ubiquitous in nature but predicting where, when, and how fast they are going to occur is challenging. We have ongoing projects looking at where reactions occur in river corridors and their affect on Carbon, and nutrient cycling, reactions within water distribution systems, and remediating large-scale environmental contamination.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1506969867544\" class=\"row halves gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<figure id=\"attachment_102\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-102\" style=\"width: 396px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-102 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Fig6-396x304.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"396\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Fig6-396x304.png 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Fig6-768x590.png 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Fig6-792x608.png 792w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Fig6-990x760.png 990w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Fig6-1188x912.png 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-102\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of Lagrangian simulation of acid-mine drainage exposed to a pulse of clean snowmelt. Full details are in Engdahl et al., [2017]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column two \">\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-65-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/RxnChain.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/RxnChain.mp4\">https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/RxnChain.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>Animation of mixing limited reactive transport simulated using our complex particle reaction algorithm, which can be downloaded from the &#8220;codes&#8221; page.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1506963922267\" class=\"row halves gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Ground Penetrating Radar &amp; Geostatistics<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<p>Shallow geophysics provide a glimpse into the unknown. Our team uses ground penetrating radar to detect the depth to water in surgical aquifers, but also to image the sedimentary structures. These data are crucial for understanding flow and transport processes and are also essential for building geologically realistic models of the subsurface architecture. We use the information to generate statistical models of the distribution of material in the subsurface.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column two \">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_88\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-88\" style=\"width: 396px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-88 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Screen-Shot-2017-10-02-at-10.00.59-AM-396x294.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"396\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Screen-Shot-2017-10-02-at-10.00.59-AM-396x294.png 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Screen-Shot-2017-10-02-at-10.00.59-AM-768x569.png 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Screen-Shot-2017-10-02-at-10.00.59-AM-792x587.png 792w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Screen-Shot-2017-10-02-at-10.00.59-AM-990x734.png 990w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Screen-Shot-2017-10-02-at-10.00.59-AM-1188x881.png 1188w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/Screen-Shot-2017-10-02-at-10.00.59-AM.png 1772w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-88\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of raw GPR data from Engdahl et al. 2009. Including buried cross-beds and continuous erosional surfaces can be crucial for realistic modeling of flow and transport.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1506966767069\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-65-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/ComDrain_Long.mp4?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/ComDrain_Long.mp4\">https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2017\/09\/ComDrain_Long.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>Geophysics also let us see inside other materials like permeable concrete. This is a time lapse survey of an infiltration and draining test to estimate lateral flow out of the installation on the WSU main campus.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1506569672919\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Artificial Recharge<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<p>There is a lot of water on the planet but getting it to the right place at the right time with sufficient quality can be a challenge. Much of the world relies on surface water resources to meet demand but when that falls short the backup plan is groundwater. The problem is that \u00a0groundwater is extracted when it is needed but it isn&#8217;t replenished. Artificial recharge puts that water back and refills the reservoir already in the subsurface. This has many environmental benefits and can often be done without large modifications to the operation of water users.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1543509262215\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Micro-plastic mobility<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<p>Synthetic plastic fibers enter the environment every day primarily from our wastewater. Some fibers can pass directly through treatment plants and others end up in soils when waste sludge is used as fertilizer. The scientific community doesn&#8217;t yet know how putting large volumes of plastic into the environment will change, but we do already know that they can have significant adverse impacts on fish and other organisms. Based on estimated values from the literature, if we took mass of fibers entering the environment annually and made a lightweight fleece blanket out of them, that blanket could cover the entire Seattle-Tacoma International Airport twice. Compound that over a half-century of accelerating plastic use and you can see the magnitude of the problem. Our goal is to develop predictive numerical models to determine where micro-fiber accumulation is the heaviest so ecologists can focus on studying their impacts in those areas and determining any long-term ecosystem impacts.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1543509246502\" class=\"row side-left gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<p>The image to the right shows some trajectories of fibrous objects moving through a coarse gravel. Each color is a single fiber at different times and the units are millimeters.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column two \">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-132\" src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/11\/Screen-Shot-2018-11-29-at-8.31.17-AM-792x629.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"792\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/11\/Screen-Shot-2018-11-29-at-8.31.17-AM-792x629.png 792w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/11\/Screen-Shot-2018-11-29-at-8.31.17-AM-396x314.png 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/11\/Screen-Shot-2018-11-29-at-8.31.17-AM-768x610.png 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/11\/Screen-Shot-2018-11-29-at-8.31.17-AM-990x786.png 990w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-labs\/uploads\/sites\/1738\/2018\/11\/Screen-Shot-2018-11-29-at-8.31.17-AM-1188x943.png 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1506569676604\" class=\"row single h1-header gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.freewebheaders.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/gallery\/liquids-headers\/blue-sea-water-background-header.jpg');\" class=\"column one \">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Applications<\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<h2>Integrated Watershed Modeling<\/h2>\n<p>Watersheds are complex systems and investigating their behaviors takes special tools. We use the integrated hydrologic modeling platform ParFlow (see codes page) to create physically based geometries and define watershed properties for direct numerical simulation. These simulations allow us to test feedbacks between surface and groundwater, simulate land surface processes, and simulate chemical changes over time.<\/p>\n<p> #builder-section-1519508435993 .builder-banner-slide {<br \/> padding-bottom: 600px;<br \/> }<br \/> @media screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 960px) {<br \/> #builder-section-1519508435993 .builder-banner-slide {<br \/> padding-bottom: 62.5%;<br \/> }<br \/> }<\/p>\n<h2>Construction of a watershed model<\/h2>\n<p> Surface elevations<\/p>\n<p> Alluvial fill in &#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/research\/applications\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"more-default\">&raquo; More &#8230;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5420,"featured_media":0,"parent":16,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-builder.php","meta":[],"wsuwp_university_location":[],"wsuwp_university_org":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5420"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":138,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/65\/revisions\/138"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_location?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_org","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_org?post=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}