{"id":21,"date":"2016-10-14T11:33:22","date_gmt":"2016-10-14T18:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/?page_id=21"},"modified":"2021-03-03T16:56:53","modified_gmt":"2021-03-04T00:56:53","slug":"publication","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/publication\/","title":{"rendered":"Publication"},"content":{"rendered":"<br \/>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1476470053762\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Patents<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<ul>\n<li>Davidson, J.R., Mo, C., Zhang, Q., Silwal, A. and Karkee, M., Washington State University, 2017.\u00a0<em>Robotic systems, methods, and end-effectors for harvesting produce<\/em>. U.S. Patent Application 15\/383,000.<\/li>\n<li>De Kleine, M., Karkee, M. and Ye, Y., Washington State University, 2016.\u00a0<em>Harvesting machine for formally trained orchards<\/em>. U.S. Patent 9,468,146.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1553297694974\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Books<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<ol>\n<li>Karkee, M. and Q. Zhang (Eds.). 2019. Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. <em><strong>In Press.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1525378539479\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Book Chapters<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Bhusal, S., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2021). 3D Sensing Techniques and Systems. In <em>Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics<\/em> (Editors: Manoj Karkee and Qin Zhang), Springer Nature Switzerland AG. <strong><em>In Press.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Zhang, Q., &amp; <strong>Karkee<\/strong><strong>, M.<\/strong> (2021). Agricultural and Field Robotics: An Introduction. In <em>Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics<\/em> (Editors: Manoj Karkee and Qin Zhang), Springer Nature Switzerland AG. <strong><em>In Press.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Zhang, X., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2021). Machinery-Canopy Interactions in Tree Fruit Crops. In <em>Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics<\/em> (Editors: Manoj Karkee and Qin Zhang), Springer Nature Switzerland AG. <strong><em>In Press.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee<\/strong>, M., J. Gord\u00f3n, B. Salato, and M. Whiting. 2019. Optimizing fruit production efficiencies via mechanization. 2019. In <em>Achieving sustainable cultivation of temperate zone tree fruits and berries,<\/em> <em>Volume 1 &#8211; Physiology, genetics and cultivation (Editor: Dr Greg Lang)<\/em>. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing.<\/li>\n<li>Zhang, Q., <strong> Karkee<\/strong>, A. Tabb. 2019. The Use of Agricultural Robots in Orchard Management. In <em>Robotics and Automation for a More Sustainable Agriculture (Editor: John Billingsley)<\/em>; rXiv preprint arXiv:1907.13114 (2019).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Q. Zhang, and A. Silwal. Agricultural Robots for Precision Agricultural Tasks in Tree Fruit Orchards. In <em>Innovation in Agricultural Robotics for Precision Agriculture (Editor: Avital Bechar<\/em>). In Press.<\/li>\n<li>Shamshiri, R. R., A. Hameed, <strong>M. Karkee<\/strong>, and C. Weltzien. 2018. Robotic Harvesting of Fruiting Vegetables: A Simulation Approach in V-REP, ROS and MATLAB. In <em>Automation in Agriculture &#8211; Securing Food Supplies for Future Generations (Editor Stephan Hussmann)<\/em>; ISBN 978-953-51-3874-7, Print ISBN 978-953-51-3873-0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, A. Silwal, J.R. Davidson. 2018. Mechanical Harvest and In-field Handling of Tree Fruit Crops. In <em>Automation in Tree Fruit Production<\/em>, <em>Principles and Practice (Editor: Qin Zhang<\/em>). CABI.<\/li>\n<li>Zhang, Q., <strong> Karkee<\/strong> and L. Khot. 2017. Mechanization and automation for apple production. In<em> Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Apples (Editor: Kate Evans)<\/em>. Burleigh Dodds (28 pp). https:\/\/shop.bdspublishing.com\/checkout\/Store\/bds\/Detail\/Product\/3-190-9781786760326-011.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, B. Steward, and J. Kruckeberg. 2013. Automation of Pesticide Application Systems. In<em> Agricultural Automation: Fundamentals and Practices (Q. Zhang and F. Pierce editors; ISBN: 9781439880579). <\/em>CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, USA.<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1525378550845\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Peer Reviewed Journal Articles<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<ol>\n<li>Lohan*, S., Naranga, M. K., Singha, M., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2021). Actuating Force Required for Operating Various Controls of a Walk-behind Type Paddy Transplanter Leading to Developing of Remotely Operated System. <em>Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Majeed*, Y., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.,<\/strong> Zhang, Q., Fu, L., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2021). Development and performance evaluation of a machine vision system and an integrated prototype for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards.\u00a0<em>Journal of Field Robotics<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rob.22013\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rob.22013<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zhang*, X., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2020). Computer vision based tree trunk and branch identification and shaking points detection in dense-foliage canopy for automated harvesting of apples. <em>Journal of Field Robotics, <\/em>1\u201318.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rob.21998__;!!JmPEgBY0HMszNaDT!56V6UDBL8JAUpzPwRBRnImgoVMrCQ7nSFwISdSA9Jue6mgEiabfu1hlzgHXuq7chWCQ$\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rob.21998<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Majeed*, Y., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M<\/strong>., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Estimating the trajectories of vine cordons in full foliage canopies for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, 176, 105671.<\/li>\n<li>Zhang*, X., He, L., Zhang, J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Whiting, M. D., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Determination of key canopy parameters for mass mechanical apple harvesting using supervised machine learning and principal component analysis (PCA). <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, 193, 247\u2013263.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.006__;!!JmPEgBY0HMszNaDT!56V6UDBL8JAUpzPwRBRnImgoVMrCQ7nSFwISdSA9Jue6mgEiabfu1hlzgHXur8hrMq0$\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.006<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zhang*, X., He, L., <strong>Karkee, M.,<\/strong> Whiting, M. D., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Field evaluation of targeted shake-and-catch harvesting technologies for fresh market apple. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, 63(6), 1759\u20131771.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/doi.org\/10.13031\/trans.13779__;!!JmPEgBY0HMszNaDT!56V6UDBL8JAUpzPwRBRnImgoVMrCQ7nSFwISdSA9Jue6mgEiabfu1hlzgHXuDrckSw8$\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13031\/trans.13779<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Majeed*, Y., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M<\/strong>., Zhang, Q., Fu, L., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2020). Determining grapevine cordon shape for automated green shoot thinning using semantic segmentation-based deep learning networks.\u00a0<em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>,\u00a0<em>171<\/em>, 105308.<\/li>\n<li>Gao, F., Fu, L., Zhang, X., Majeed, Y., Li, R., <strong>Karkee, M<\/strong>., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Multi-class fruit-on-plant detection for apple in SNAP system using Faster R-CNN. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, 176, 105634.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105634__;!!JmPEgBY0HMszNaDT!56V6UDBL8JAUpzPwRBRnImgoVMrCQ7nSFwISdSA9Jue6mgEiabfu1hlzgHXuhr9VROU$\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105634<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fu*, L., Majeed, Y., Zhang, X., <strong>Karkee, M<\/strong>., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Faster R-CNN-based apple detection in dense-foliage fruiting-wall trees using RGB and depth features for robotic harvesting. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, 197, 245\u2013256.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2020.07.007__;!!JmPEgBY0HMszNaDT!56V6UDBL8JAUpzPwRBRnImgoVMrCQ7nSFwISdSA9Jue6mgEiabfu1hlzgHXuTP5q2GM$\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2020.07.007<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Zhang, J., <strong>Karkee, M<\/strong>., Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Majeed, Y., Fu, L., &amp; Wang, S. (2020). Multi-class object detection using Faster R-CNN and estimation of shaking locations for automated shake-and-catch apple harvesting. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, 173, 105384.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105384__;!!JmPEgBY0HMszNaDT!56V6UDBL8JAUpzPwRBRnImgoVMrCQ7nSFwISdSA9Jue6mgEiabfu1hlzgHXu-mYsnHQ$\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105384<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fu*, L., Gao, F., Wu, J., Li, R., <strong>Karkee, M<\/strong>., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Application of consumer RGB-D cameras for fruit detection and localization in field: A critical review.\u00a0Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,\u00a0177, 105687.<\/li>\n<li>Davidson, J., Bhusal, S., Mo, C., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M<\/strong>., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Robotic Manipulation for Specialty Crop Harvesting: A Review of Manipulator and End-Effector Technologies.\u00a0Global Journal of<em> Agricultural and Allied Sciences<\/em>,\u00a0<em>2<\/em>(1), 25-41.<\/li>\n<li>Majeed*, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Fu, L., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2020). Deep learning-based segmentation for automated training of apple trees on trellis wires.\u00a0<em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>,\u00a0<em>170<\/em>, 105277.<\/li>\n<li>Fu<sup>*<\/sup>, H., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, He, L., Duan, J., Li, J., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2020). Bruise Patterns of Fresh Market Apples Caused by Fruit-to-Fruit Impact. <em>Agronomy<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(1), 59.<u><\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"15\">\n<li>Sharda*, A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Hoheisel, G., Zhang, Q., &amp; Mangus, D. (2019). Design and Evaluation of Solid Set Canopy Delivery System for Spray Application in High-density Apple Orchards. <em>Applied Engineering in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>35<\/em>(5), 751\u2013757.<\/li>\n<li>Santiago, W. E., Leite, N. J., Teruel, B. J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Azania, C. A. M., &amp; others. (2019). Evaluation of bag-of-features (BoF) technique for weed management in sugarcane production. <em>Australian Journal of Crop Science<\/em>, <em>13<\/em>(11), 1819.<\/li>\n<li>Khanal<sup>*<\/sup>, K., Bhusal, S., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, Scharf, P., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2019). Design of Improved and Semi-Automated Red Raspberry Cane Bundling and Taping Machine Based on Field Evaluation. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>62<\/em>(3), 821\u2013829.<\/li>\n<li>Bhusal<sup>*<\/sup>, S., Khanal, K., Goel, S., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Taylor, M. E. (2019). Bird Deterrence in a Vineyard Using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>62<\/em>(2), 561\u2013569.<\/li>\n<li>He<strong><sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, L., Zhang, X., Ye, Y., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2019). Effect of shaking location and duration on mechanical harvesting of fresh market apples. <em>Applied Engineering in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>35<\/em>(2), 175\u2013183.<\/li>\n<li>Hohimer, C. J., Wang, H., Bhusal, S., Miller, J., Mo, C., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2019). Design and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvesting system with a 3D-printed soft-robotic end-effector. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>62<\/em>(2), 405\u2013414.<\/li>\n<li>Zhang<sup>*<\/sup>, J., He, L., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., &amp; Gao, Z. (2018). Branch detection for apple trees trained in fruiting wall architecture using depth features and Regions-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN). <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>155<\/em>, 386\u2013393.<\/li>\n<li>Zhang<sup>*<\/sup>, X., He, L., Majeed, Y., Whiting, M. D., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang<strong><sup>#<\/sup><\/strong>, Q. (2018). A precision pruning strategy for improving efficiency of vibratory mechanical harvesting of apples. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>61<\/em>(5), 1565\u20131576.<\/li>\n<li>Gongal<sup>*<\/sup>, A., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Amatya, S. (2018). Apple fruit size estimation using a 3D machine vision system. <em>Information Processing in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>5<\/em>(4), 498\u2013503.<\/li>\n<li>Ma<sup>*<strong>#<\/strong><\/sup>, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Fu, H., Sun, D., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Evaluation of shake-and-catch mechanism in mechanical harvesting of apples. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>61<\/em>(4), 1257\u20131263.<\/li>\n<li>Khanal<sup>*<\/sup>, K., Bhusal, S., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Raspberry Primocane Bundling and Taarkping Mechanisms. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>61<\/em>(4), 1265\u20131274.<\/li>\n<li>Yamamoto<sup>*<strong>#<\/strong><\/sup>, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Kobayashi, Y., Nakayama, N., Tsubota, S., Thanh, L. N. T., &amp; Konya, T. (2018). 3D reconstruction of apple fruits using consumer-grade RGB-depth sensor. <em>Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food<\/em>, <em>11<\/em>(4), 159\u2013168.<\/li>\n<li>Ma<sup>*<strong>#<\/strong><\/sup>, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Scharf, P. A., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Adaptability of Chopper Harvester in Harvesting Sugarcane, Energy Cane, and Banagrass. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>61<\/em>(1), 27\u201335.<\/li>\n<li>He<sup>*<\/sup>, L., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q. (2018). Evaluation of a localized shake-and-catch harvesting system for fresh market apples. <em>Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal<\/em>, <em>19<\/em>(4), 36\u201344.<\/li>\n<li>Ma<sup>*<strong>#<\/strong><\/sup>, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Scharf, P. A., Zhang, Q., Tong, J., &amp; Yu, L. (2017). A study on the effects of harvester off-track errors on sugarcane stubble losses. <em>Applied Engineering in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>33<\/em>(6), 771\u2013779.<\/li>\n<li>Amatya, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2017). Automated detection of branch shaking locations for robotic cherry harvesting using machine vision. <em>Robotics<\/em>, <em>6<\/em>(4), 31.<\/li>\n<li>He<sup>*<\/sup>, L., Fu, H., Sun, D., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2017). Shake-and-catch harvesting for fresh market apples in trellis-trained trees. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>60<\/em>(2), 353\u2013360.<\/li>\n<li>He<sup>*<\/sup>, L., Fu, H., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang<strong><sup>#<\/sup><\/strong>, Q. (2017). Effect of fruit location on apple detachment with mechanical shaking. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>157<\/em>, 63\u201371.<\/li>\n<li>Silwal<sup>*<\/sup>, A., Davidson, J. R., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, Mo, C., Zhang, Q., &amp; Lewis, K. (2017). Design, integration, and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester. <em>Journal of Field Robotics<\/em>, <em>34<\/em>(6), 1140\u20131159.<\/li>\n<li>Fu<sup>*<\/sup>, H., He, L., Ma, S., <strong>Karkee<sup>#<\/sup>, M.<\/strong>, Chen, D., Zhang, Q., &amp; Wang, S. (2017). \u2018Jazz\u2019apple impact bruise responses to different cushioning materials. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>60<\/em>(2), 327\u2013336.<\/li>\n<li>Zhou, J., He, L., Whiting, M., Amatya, S., Larbi, P. A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Field evaluation of a mechanical-assist cherry harvesting system. <em>Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food<\/em>, <em>9<\/em>(4), 324\u2013331.<\/li>\n<li>Silwal<sup>*<\/sup>, A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). A hierarchical approach to apple identification for robotic harvesting. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>59<\/em>(5), 1079\u20131086.<\/li>\n<li>Santiago<sup>*<\/sup>, W. E., Leite, N. J., Teruel, B. J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Azania, C. A. M., &amp; Vitorino, R. (2016). Development and testing of image processing algorithm to estimate weed infestation level in corn fields. <em>Australian Journal of Crop Science<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Davidson, J., Silwal*, A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Mo, C., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Hand-picking dynamic analysis for undersensed robotic apple harvesting. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>59<\/em>(4), 745\u2013758.<\/li>\n<li>Li<sup>*<\/sup>, J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., Xiao, K., &amp; Feng, T. (2016). Characterizing apple picking patterns for robotic harvesting. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>127<\/em>, 633\u2013640.<\/li>\n<li>Ma<sup>*<\/sup>, S., Scharf, P. A., Zhang, Q., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Tong, J., &amp; Yu, L. (2016). Effect of cane stool density and stubble height on sugarcane stubble damage in Hawaii fields. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>59<\/em>(3), 813\u2013820.<\/li>\n<li>Amatya<sup>*<\/sup>, S., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2016). Integration of visible branch sections and cherry clusters for detecting cherry tree branches in dense foliage canopies. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>149<\/em>, 72\u201381.<\/li>\n<li>Zhou, J., He, L., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Analysis of shaking-induced cherry fruit motion and damage. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>144<\/em>, 105\u2013114.<\/li>\n<li>Zhou, J., He<sup>*<\/sup>, L., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Effect of catching surface and tilt angle on bruise damage of sweet cherry due to mechanical impact. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>121<\/em>, 282\u2013289.<\/li>\n<li>Amatya<sup>*<\/sup>, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Gongal, A., Zhang, Q., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2016). Detection of cherry tree branches with full foliage in planar architecture for automated sweet-cherry harvesting. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>146<\/em>, 3\u201315.<\/li>\n<li>De Kleine<sup>*<\/sup>, M. E., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2015). A semi-automated harvesting prototype for shaking fruit tree limbs. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>58<\/em>(6), 1461\u20131470.<\/li>\n<li>Gongal<sup>*<\/sup>, A., Silwal, A., Amatya, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., &amp; Lewis, K. (2016). Apple crop-load estimation with over-the-row machine vision system. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>120<\/em>, 26\u201335.<\/li>\n<li>He<sup>*<\/sup>, L., Zhou, J., Zhang, Q., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2015). Evaluation of multipass mechanical harvesting on \u2018Skeena\u2019sweet cherries trained to Y-trellis. <em>HortScience<\/em>, <em>50<\/em>(8), 1178\u20131182.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"48\">\n<li>Ma<sup>*<\/sup>, S., Scharf, P. A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2014). Performance evaluation of a chopper harvester in Hawaii sugarcane fields. <em>2014 Montreal, Quebec Canada July 13&#8211;July 16, 2014<\/em>, 1.<\/li>\n<li>Gongal<sup>*<\/sup>, A., Amatya, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., &amp; Lewis, K. (2015). Sensors and systems for fruit detection and localization: A review. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>116<\/em>, 8\u201319. <strong><u>Most Downloaded in Jan 2016<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Larbi<sup>*<\/sup>, P. A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Amatya, S., Zhang, Q., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2015). Modification and field evaluation of an experimental mechanical sweet cherry harvester. <em>Applied Engineering in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>31<\/em>(3), 387\u2013397.<\/li>\n<li>Larbi<sup>*<\/sup>, P. A., Vong, C. N., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2015). A Study of Operator Performance for a Mechanical Sweet Cherry Harvester: Comparison between Manual and Remote-Controlled Operation. <em>Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health<\/em>, <em>21<\/em>(3), 145\u2013157.<\/li>\n<li>De Kleine<sup>*<\/sup>, M. E., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2015). Evaluating a non-newtonian shear-thickening surface during fruit impacts. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>58<\/em>(3), 907\u2013915.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Adhikari<sup>*<\/sup>, B. (2015). A method for three-dimensional reconstruction of apple trees for automated pruning. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>58<\/em>(3), 565\u2013574.<\/li>\n<li>Sharda<sup>*<\/sup>, A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., Ewlanow, I., Adameit, U., &amp; Brunner, J. (2015). Effect of emitter type and mounting configuration on spray coverage for solid set canopy delivery system. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>112<\/em>, 184\u2013192.<\/li>\n<li>Silwal<sup>*<\/sup>, A., Gongal, A., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2014). Apple identification in field environment with over the row machine vision system. <em>Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal<\/em>, <em>16<\/em>(4), 66\u201375.<\/li>\n<li>Ma<sup>*<\/sup>, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Scharf, P. A., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2014). Sugarcane harvester technology: a critical overview. <em>Applied Engineering in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>30<\/em>(5), 727\u2013739.<\/li>\n<li>Zhou, J., He, L., Zhang, Q., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2014). Effect of excitation position of a handheld shaker on fruit removal efficiency and damage in mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>125<\/em>, 36\u201344.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Adhikari<sup>*<\/sup>, B., Amatya, S., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2014). Identification of pruning branches in tall spindle apple trees for automated pruning. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>103<\/em>, 127\u2013135.<\/li>\n<li>Larbi<sup>*<\/sup>, A., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2014). Effects of orchard characteristics and operator performance on harvesting rate of a mechanical sweet cherry harvester. <em>GSTF Journal on Agricultural Engineering (JAE)<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(1), 1\u201311.<\/li>\n<li>Amatya<sup>*<\/sup>, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Alva, A. K., Larbi, P., &amp; Adhikari, B. (2014). Hyperspectral imaging for detecting water stress in potatoes. <em>GSTF Journal on Agricultural Engineering<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(1), 52\u201361.<\/li>\n<li>Zhou, J., He, L., Zhang, Q., Du, X., Chen, D., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2013). Evaluation of the influence of shaking frequency and duration in mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry. <em>Applied Engineering in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>29<\/em>(5), 607\u2013612.<\/li>\n<li>He, L., Zhou, J., Du, X., Chen, D., Zhang, Q., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2013). Energy efficacy analysis of a mechanical shaker in sweet cherry harvesting. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>116<\/em>(4), 309\u2013315.<\/li>\n<li>He, L., Zhang, Q., Du, X., Luo, R., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2012). A twining robot for high-trellis string tying in hops production. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>55<\/em>(5), 1667\u20131673.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, McNaull, R. P., Birrell, S. J., &amp; Steward, B. L. (2012). Estimation of optimal biomass removal rate based on tolerable soil erosion for single-pass crop grain and biomass harvesting system. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>55<\/em>(1), 107\u2013115.<\/li>\n<li>Abd Aziz, S., Steward, B. L., Kaleita, A., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2012). Assessing the effects of DEM uncertainty on erosion rate estimation in an agricultural field. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>55<\/em>(3), 785\u2013798.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Steward, B. L. (2011). Parameter estimation and validation of a tractor and single axle towed implement dynamic system model. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>77<\/em>(2), 135\u2013146.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Steward, B. L., Kelkar, A. G., &amp; Kemp, Z. T. (2011). Modeling and real-time simulation architectures for virtual prototyping of off-road vehicles. <em>Virtual Reality<\/em>, <em>15<\/em>(1), 83\u201396.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Steward, B. L. (2010). Study of the open and closed loop characteristics of a tractor and a single axle towed implement system. <em>Journal of Terramechanics<\/em>, <em>47<\/em>(6), 379\u2013393.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Steward, B. L. (2010). Local and global sensitivity analysis of a tractor and single axle grain cart dynamic system model. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>106<\/em>(4), 352\u2013366.<\/li>\n<li>Abd Aziz, S., Steward, B. L., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2010). Using Spatial Uncertainty of Prior Measurements to Design Adaptive Sampling of Elevation Data. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>53<\/em>(2), 349\u2013357.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Steward, B. L., Tang, L., &amp; Aziz, S. A. (2009). Quantifying sub-pixel signature of paddy rice field using an artificial neural network. <em>Computers and Electronics in Agriculture<\/em>, <em>65<\/em>(1), 65\u201376.<\/li>\n<li>Abd Aziz, S., Steward, B. L., Tang, L., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2009). Utilizing repeated GPS surveys from field operations for development of agricultural field DEMs. <em>Transactions of the ASABE<\/em>, <em>52<\/em>(4), 1057\u20131067.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Steward, B. L., &amp; Abd Aziz, S. (2008). Improving quality of public domain digital elevation models through data fusion. <em>Biosystems Engineering<\/em>, <em>101<\/em>(3), 293\u2013305.<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1553298670453\" class=\"row single gutter pad-top\">\n<div style=\"\" class=\"column one \">\n<header>\n<h2>Referred Conference Proceedings<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<ol>\n<li>Bhattarai*, U., Bhusal, S. &amp; <strong>Karkee<\/strong>, M. (2020). Automated Blossom Detection in Apple Trees using Deep Learning. Twenty First IFAC World Congress, Berlin, Germany, July, 12-17 2020 (Virtual).<\/li>\n<li>You*, A., Sukkar, F., Fitch, R., <strong>Karkee<\/strong>, M., &amp; Davidson, J. R. (2020). An efficient planning and control framework for pruning fruit trees. In\u00a0<em>2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)<\/em>(pp. 3930-3936).<u><\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Zhang*, X., Fu, L., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Whiting, M. D., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2019). Canopy Segmentation Using ResNet for Mechanical Harvesting of Apples. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>52<\/em>(30), 300\u2013305.<\/li>\n<li>Fu*, H., Duan, J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, He, L., Xia, H., Li, J., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2019). Effect of Shaking Amplitude and Capturing Height on Mechanical Harvesting of Fresh Market Apples. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>52<\/em>(30), 306\u2013311.<\/li>\n<li>Bhusal*, S., Bhattarai, U., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2019). Improving Pest Bird Detection in a Vineyard Environment using Super-Resolution and Deep Learning. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>52<\/em>(30), 18\u201323.<\/li>\n<li>Majeed*, Y., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., Fu, L., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2019). A Study on the Detection of Visible Parts of Cordons Using Deep Learning Networks for Automated Green Shoot Thinning in Vineyards. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>52<\/em>(30), 82\u201386.<\/li>\n<li>Bhusal*, S., Khanal, K., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Cane Detection and Localization for Automated Cane Management in Red Raspberry Plant. <em>International Conference on Robotics and Automation,<\/em> 21-25 May 2018 | Brisbane<\/li>\n<li>Fu*, H., Duan, J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, He, L., Chen, D., Sun, D., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Quantifying fruit quality affected by mechanical impact for selected apple varieties. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(17), 250\u2013255.<\/li>\n<li>Khanal, K., Bhusal, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Distinguishing one year and two year old canes of red raspberry plant using spectral reflectance. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(17), 39\u201344.<\/li>\n<li>Fu*, L., Feng, Y., Majeed, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Kiwifruit detection in field images using Faster R-CNN with ZFNet. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(17), 45\u201350.<\/li>\n<li>Majeed*, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Fu, L., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Zhang, Q., &amp; Whiting, M. D. (2018). Apple tree trunk and branch segmentation for automatic trellis training using convolutional neural network based semantic segmentation. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(17), 75\u201380.<\/li>\n<li>Zhang*, X., Fu, L., Majeed, Y., He, L., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Whiting, M. D., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Field evaluation of data-based pruning severity levels (PSL) on mechanical harvesting of apples. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(17), 477\u2013482.<\/li>\n<li>Wang, H., Hohimer, C. J., Bhusal, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Mo, C., &amp; Miller, J. H. (2018). Simulation as a tool in designing and evaluating a robotic apple harvesting system. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(17), 135\u2013140.<\/li>\n<li>Chen*, L., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, He, L., Wei, Y., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2018). Evaluation of a Leveling System for a Weeding Robot under Field Condition. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>51<\/em>(17), 368\u2013373.<\/li>\n<li>Shrestha*, A., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Mechanism for bundling and tying of red raspberry primocanes. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>49<\/em>(16), 166\u2013170.<\/li>\n<li>Ma*, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Fu, H., Sun, D., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Air suspension-based catching mechanism for mechanical harvesting of apples. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>49<\/em>(16), 353\u2013358.<\/li>\n<li>He*, L., Fu, H., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Effect of fruit location on apple detachment with mechanical shaking. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>49<\/em>(16), 293\u2013298.<\/li>\n<li>Fu*, H., He, L., Ma, S., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Chen, D., Zhang, Q., &amp; Wang, S. (2016). Bruise responses of apple-to-apple impact. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>49<\/em>(16), 347\u2013352.<\/li>\n<li>Chen*, L., Kaewkorn, S., He, L., Zhang, Q., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2016). Design and Evaluation of a Levelling System for a Weeding Robot. <em>IFAC-PapersOnLine<\/em>, <em>49<\/em>(16), 299\u2013304.<\/li>\n<li>Davidson*, J. R., Silwal, A., Hohimer, C. J., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Mo, C., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2016). Proof-of-concept of a robotic apple harvester. <em>2016 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)<\/em>, 634\u2013639.<\/li>\n<li>Davidson*, J., Mo, C., Silwal, A., <strong>Karkee, M.,<\/strong> Li J., Xiao K., &amp; Zhang Q. (2015). Human-Machine Collaboration for Robotic Harvesting of Fresh Market Apples. <em>ICRA 2015 Workshop on Robotics in Agriculture;<\/em> 30 May, 2015; Seattle, WA.<\/li>\n<li>Gongal, A., Amatya, S., <strong>Karkee<\/strong>*, M., Zhang, Q., &amp; Lewis, K. (2014). Identification of Repetitive Apples for Improved Crop-Load Estimation with Dual-Side Imaging. <em>Proceedings of<\/em> <em>The 19th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control;<\/em> 24-29 August 2014; Cape Town, South Africa.<\/li>\n<li>Monga, M., <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Sun, S., KiranTondehal, L., Steward, B., &amp; Zambreno, J. (2012). Real-time Simulation of Dynamic Vehicle Models using a High-performance Recon\ufb01gurable Platform. International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2012, June 4-6, 2012, Ames, IA 50011 USA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Monga, M., Steward, B. L., Zambreno, J., &amp; Kelkar, A. G. (2010). Real-time simulation and visualization architecture with field programmable gate array (FPGA) simulator. <em>ASME World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality<\/em>, <em>49088<\/em>, 219\u2013227.<\/li>\n<li>Aziz*, S. A., Steward, B. L., Tang, L., &amp; <strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong> (2006). Multiple GPS measurements for digital elevation model. <em>Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 23-25 July 2006, Orlando Florida<\/em>, 329.<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> <\/p>\n<h2>Patents<\/h2>\n<p>Davidson, J.R., Mo, C., Zhang, Q., Silwal, A. and Karkee, M., Washington State University, 2017.\u00a0<em>Robotic systems, methods, and end-effectors for harvesting produce<\/em>. U.S. Patent Application 15\/383,000.<br \/> De Kleine, M., Karkee, M. and Ye, Y., Washington State University, 2016.\u00a0<em>Harvesting machine for formally trained orchards<\/em>. U.S. Patent 9,468,146.<\/p>\n<h2>Books<\/h2>\n<p>Karkee, M. and Q. Zhang (Eds.). 2019. Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. <em><strong>In Press.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Book Chapters<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Karkee, M.<\/strong>, Bhusal, S., &amp; Zhang, Q. (2021). 3D Sensing Techniques and Systems. In <em>Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics<\/em> (Editors: Manoj Karkee and Qin Zhang), Springer Nature Switzerland AG. <strong><em>In Press.<\/em><\/strong><br \/> &#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/publication\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"more-default\">&raquo; More &#8230;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3295,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-builder.php","meta":[],"wsuwp_university_location":[],"wsuwp_university_org":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3295"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":623,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21\/revisions\/623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_location?post=21"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_org","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.wsu.edu\/karkee-ag-robotics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_org?post=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}