Publications

Saam Group @WSU

• S. Zou, D.J. Morin, C. Weaver, Z. Armanfard, J. Muschell, A.I. Nahlawi, and B. Saam, “Collisional electron paramagnetic resonance frequency shifts in Cs-Rb-Xe mixtures,” Phys. Rev. A 106, 012801 (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.106.012801
• Z. Armanfard, A.I. Nahlawi, and B. Saam, “Alkali-metal spin destruction in Xe-Rb and Xe-Cs systems,” in preparation.
• D.J. Morin, C. Weaver, S. Zou, J. Muschell, C. Adikarige, T. Foote, A.I. Nahlawi, and B. Saam, “Current Stabilization in a Helmholtz Coil,” in preparation.

Saam Group @ Utah

• A.I. Nahlawi, Z.L. Ma, M.S. Conradi, and B. Saam, High-precision determination of the frequency-shift enhancement factor in Rb-¹²⁹Xe,” Phys. Rev. A 100, 053415 (2019). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.100.053415
• M. Hanni, P. Lantto, M, Repiský, J. Mares, B. Saam, and J. Vaara, “Electron and nuclear spin polarization in Rb-Xe spin-exchange optical hyperpolarization,” Phys. Rev. A 95, 032509 (2017). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.032509
• M.E. Limes, Z.L. Ma, E.G. Sorte, and B. Saam, “Robust solid 129Xe longitudinal relaxation times,” Phys. Rev. B 94, 094309 (2016). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.094309
• B. Saam, “T₁ relaxation of xenon and how to keep it long,” in Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Magnetic Resonance (Concepts, Production, Techniques and Applications), T. Meersman and E. Brunner (eds.) Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (2015). DOI: 10.1039/9781782628378-00122
• E.F. Thenell, M.E. Limes, E.G. Sorte, Z.V. Vardeny, and B. Saam, “Nuclear relaxation measurements in organic semiconducting polymers for application to organic spintronics,” Phys. Rev. B 91, 045205 (2015).  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.045205
• H. Malissa, M. Kavand, D.P. Waters, K.J. van Schooten, P.L. Burn, Z.V. Vardeny, B. Saam, J.M. Lupton, and C. Boehme, “Room-temperature coupling between electrical current and nuclear spins in OLEDs,” Science 345, 1487-1490 (2014). DOI: 10.1126/science.1255624
• R. Glenn, M. E. Limes, B. Pankovich, B. Saam, M. E. Raikh, “Magnetic resonance in slowly modulated longitudinal field: Modified shape of the Rabi oscillations,” Phys. Rev. B 87, 155128 (2013). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.155128
• R. Glenn, M.E. Limes, B. Saam, C. Boehme, and M.E. Raikh, “Analytical study of spin-dependent transition rates within pairs of dipolar and strongly exchange coupled spins with (S = 1/2) during magnetic resonant excitation,” Phys. Rev. B 87, 165205 (2013). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.165205
• M.E. Limes, J. Wang, W.J. Baker, S.-Y. Lee, B. Saam, and C. Boehme, “Numerical study of spin-dependent transition rates within pairs of dipolar and strongly exchange coupled spins with (S = 1/2) during magnetic resonant excitation,” Phys. Rev. B 87, 165204 (2013). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.165204
• B.V. Fine, T.A. Elsayed, E.G. Sorte, and B. Saam, “Asymptotic and intermediate long-time behavior of nuclear free induction decays in polycrystalline solids and powders,” Phys. Rev. B 86, 054439 (2012). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.054439
• E.G. Sorte, B.V. Fine, and B. Saam, “Phase Relationship Between the Long-time Beats of Free-Induction Decays and Spin Echoes in Solids,” Phys. Rev. B 85, 174425 (2012).
  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.174425
• Z.L. Ma, E.G. Sorte, and B. Saam, “Collisional ³He and ¹²⁹Xe frequency shifts in Rb–noble-gas mixtures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 196, 193005 (2011). DOI: 10.1103PhysRevLett.106.193005
• E.G. Sorte, B.V. Fine, and B. Saam, “Long-Time Behavior of Nuclear Spin Decays in Various Lattices,” Phys. Rev. B 83, 064302 (2011). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.064302
• G. Schrank, Z. Ma, A. Schoeck, and B. Saam, “Characterization of a Low-Pressure, High-Capacity ¹²⁹Xe Flow-Through Polarizer,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 063424 (2009). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.063424
• B.C. Anger, G. Schrank, A. Schoeck, K.A. Butler, M.S. Solum, B.N. Berry-Pusey, R.J. Pugmire, and B. Saam, “Gas-phase spin relaxation of ¹²⁹Xe,” Phys. Rev. A 78, 043406 (2008). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.043406
• S.W. Morgan, B.V. Fine, and B. Saam, Universal long-time behavior of nuclear-spin decays in a solid, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 067601 (2008). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.067601
• C.F.M. Clewett, S.W. Morgan, B. Saam, and T. Pietrass, “Optically Polarized ¹²⁹Xe NMR Investigation of Carbon Nanotubes,” Phys. Rev. B 78, 235402 (2008).
  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235402
• B.N. Berry-Pusey, B.C. Anger, G. Laicher, and B. Saam, Nuclear spin relaxation of ¹²⁹Xe due to persistent xenon dimers, Phys. Rev. A 74, 063408 (2006). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.063408
• M.S. Conradi, B.T. Saam, D.A.Yablonskiy, and J.C. Woods, “Hyperpolarized ³He and Perfluorocarbon Gas Diffusion MRI of Lungs,” Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 48, 63-83 (2006). DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2005.12.001
• T. Su, G.L. Samuelson, S.W. Morgan, G. Laicher, and B. Saam, “Liquid Hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe Produced by Phase Exchange in a Convection Cell,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2429-2431 (2004). DOI: 10.1063/1.1793350
• R.E. Jacob, J. Teter, B. Saam, W.C. Chen, and T.R. Gentile, “Low-field Orientation Dependence of ³He Relaxation in Spin-Exchange Cells,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 021401(R) (2004). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.021401
• R.E. Jacob, B. Driehuys, and B. Saam, “Fundamental mechanisms of ³He relaxation on glass,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 370, 261-267 (2003). DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00110-6
• R.E. Jacob, S.W. Morgan, and B. Saam “³He spin exchange cells for magnetic resonance imaging,” J. Appl. Phys. 92, 1588-1597 (2002). DOI: 10.1063/1.1487438
• R.E. Jacob, S.W. Morgan, B. Saam, and J.C. Leawoods, “Wall Relaxation of ³He in Spin-Exchange Cells,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 143004 (2001). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.143004

Saam Publications Prior to 2001

• J.C. Leawoods, B. Saam, and M.S. Conradi, Polarization transfer using hyperpolarized, supercritical xenon, Chem. Phys. Lett. 327, 359-364 (2000). DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00908-8
• B.Saam, D.A. Yablonskiy, V.D. Kodibagkar, J.C. Leawoods, D.S. Gierada, J.D. Cooper, S.S. Lefrak, and M.S. Conradi, MR Imaging of Diffusion of ³He Gas in Healthy and Diseased Lungs, Magn. Reson. Med. 44, 174-179 (2000). DOI: 10.1002/1522-2594(200008)44:2<174::AID-MRM2>3.0.CO;2-4
• D.S. Gierada, B. Saam, D.A. Yablonskiy, J.D. Cooper, S.S. Lefrak, and M.S. Conradi, Dynamic Echo Planar MR Imaging of Lung Ventilation with Hyperpolarized ³He in Normal Subjects and Patients with Severe Emphysema, NMR in Biomed. 13, 176-181 (2000). DOI: 10.1002/1099-1492(200006)13:4<176::AID-NBM640>3.0.CO;2-I
• B. Saam, D.A. Yablonskiy, D.S. Gierada, and M.S. Conradi, Rapid Imaging of Hyperpolarized Gas Using EPI, Magn. Res. Med. 42, 507-514 (1999). DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199909)42:3<507::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-U
• B. Saam and M.S. Conradi, Protection circuitry for high power diode laser arrays, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 2230-2232 (1998). DOI: 10.1063/1.1148925
• B. Saam and M.S. Conradi, Low Frequency NMR Polarimeter for Hyperpolarized Gases, J. Magn. Reson. 134, 67-71 (1998). DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1998.1515
• G.A. Johnson, G.D. Cates, X.J. Chen, G.P. Cofer, B. Driehuys, W. Happer, L.W. Hedlund, B. Saam, M.D. Shattuck, J. Swartz, Dynamics of Magnetization in Hyperpolarized Gas MRI of the Lung,  Magn. Res. Med. 38, 66-71 (1997). DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910380111
• B.R. Patyal, J-H. Gao, R.F. Williams, J. Roby, B. Saam, B.A. Rockwell, R.J. Thomas, D.J. Stolarski, and P.T. Fox, Longitudinal Relaxation and Diffusion Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Signals from Laser-Hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe Nuclei, J. Magn. Res. 126, 58-65 (1997). DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1997.1159
• J.P. Mugler, B. Driehuys, J.R. Brookeman, G.D. Cates, S.S. Berr, R.G. Bryant, T.M. Daniel, E.E. de Lange, J.H. Downs, C.J. Erickson, W. Happer, D.P. Hinton, N.F. Kassel, T. Maier, C.D. Phillips, B.T. Saam, K.L. Sauer, and M.E. Wagshul, MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Using Hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe Gas:  Preliminary Human Results, Magn. Res. Med. 37, 809-815 (1997). DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910370602
• B. Saam, N. Drukker, W. Happer, Edge enhancement observed with hyperpolarized ³He, Chem. Phys. Lett. 263, 481-487 (1996). DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2614(96)01238-9
• J.R. MacFall, H.C. Charles, R.D. Black, H.Middleton, J. Swartz, B. Saam, B. Driehuys, C. Erickson, W.Happer, G.D. Cates, G.A. Johnson, C.E. Ravin, Human Lung Air Spaces:  Potential for MR Imaging with Hyperpolarized ³He, Radiology 200, 553-558 (1996).
• B. Saam, Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Laser-Polarized Noble Gases, Nature Med. 2, 358-359 (1996). DOI: 10.1038/nm0396-358
• B. Saam, W. Happer, and H. Middleton, Nuclear relaxation of ³He in the presence of O₂, Phys. Rev. A 52, 862-865 (1995). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.52.862
• H. Middleton, R.D. Black, B. Saam, G.D. Cates, G.P. Cofer, R. Guenther, W. Happer, L.W. Hedlund, G.A. Johnson, K. Juvan, J. Swartz, MR Imaging with Hyperpolarized ³He Gas, Magn. Res. Med. 33, 271-275 (1995). DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910330219
• M.S. Albert, G.D. Cates, B. Driehuys, W. Happer, B. Saam, C.S. Springer Jr, and A. Wishnia, Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized ¹²⁹Xe, Nature 370, 199-201 (1994). DOI: 10.1038/370199a0
• A.S. Barton, N.R. Newbury, G.D. Cates, B. Driehuys, H. Middleton, and B. Saam, Self-calibrating measurement of polarization-dependent frequency shifts from Rb-³He collisions, Phys. Rev. A 49, 2766-2770 (1994). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.2766
• B. Driehuys, G.D. Cates, W. Happer, H. Mabuchi, B. Saam, M.S. Albert, and A. Wishnia, Spin transfer between laser-polarized ¹²⁹Xe nuclei and surface protons, Phys. Lett. A 184, 88-92 (1993). DOI: 10.1016/0375-9601(93)90352-Z
• N.R. Newbury, A.S. Barton, P. Bogorad, G.D. Cates, M. Gatzke, H. Mabuchi, and B. Saam, Polarization-dependent frequency shifts from Rb-³He collisions, Phys. Rev. A 48, 558-568 (1993). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.558
• M.A. Gatzke, G.D. Cates, B. Driehuys, D. Fox, W. Happer, and B. Saam, Extraordinarily Slow Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Frozen Laser-Polarized ¹²⁹Xe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 690-693 (1993). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.690
• G.D. Cates, R.J. Fitzgerald, A.S. Barton, P. Bogorad, M. Gatzke, N.R. Newbury, and B. Saam, Rb-¹²⁹Xe spin-exchange rates due to binary and three-body collisions at high Xe pressures, Phys. Rev. A 45, 4631-4639 (1992). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.4631
• N.R. Newbury, A.S. Barton, P. Bogorad, G.D. Cates, M. Gatzke, B. Saam, L. Han, R. Holmes, P.A. Souder, J. Xu, and D. Benton, Laser Polarized Muonic Helium, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3219-3222 (1991). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.3219
• B. Saam, M. Skalsey, and J. Van House, Measurement of the cross section ²²Ne (p,n)²²Na, Phys. Rev. C 40, R1563-R1566 (1989). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.40.R1563

Saam Comments

• B. Saam, “Comment on ‘Measuring the enhancement factor of the hyperpolarized Xe in nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes [Phys. Rev. A 103, 023114, 2021],'” Phys. Rev. A (in press); DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2204.03712
• M.V. Romalis, D. Sheng, B. Saam, T.G. Walker, “Comment on Pressure dependence of wall relaxation in polarized ³He gaseous cells,” Phys. Rev. A 85, 047401 (2014).
  DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.188901
• T.R. Gentile, M.E. Hayden, P.J. Nacher, A.K. Petukhov, B. Saam, and T.G. Walker, “Comment on ‘Enhanced polarization and mechanisms in optically pumped hyperpolarized ³He in the presence of ⁴He’,” Phys. Rev. A 88, 017401 (2013). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.017401
• B. Saam, A.K. Petukhov, J. Chastagnier, T.R. Gentile, R. Golub, and C.M. Swank, “Comment on ‘Pressure dependence of wall relaxation in polarized ³He gaseous cells’,” Phys. Rev. A 85, 047401 (2012). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.047401

Saam Review Articles

• T.R. Gentile, P.J. Nacher, B. Saam, and T.G. Walker, “Optically polarized ³He,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 045004 (2017). DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.89.045004
• M.S. Conradi, B.T. Saam, D.A.Yablonskiy, and J.C. Woods, “Hyperpolarized ³He and Perfluorocarbon Gas Diffusion MRI of Lungs,” Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 48, 63-83 (2006). DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2005.12.001
• H.E. Möller, X.J. Chen, B. Saam, K.D. Hagspiel, G.A. Johnson, T.A. Altes, E.E. de Lange, and H.-U. Kauczor, “Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lungs Using Hyperpolarized Noble Gases,” Magn. Reson. Med., 47, 1029-1051 (2002). DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10173
• J.C. Leawoods, D.A. Yablonskiy, B. Saam, D.S. Gierada, and M.S. Conradi, Hyperpolarized ³He Gas MR Imaging, Concepts Magn. Reson. 13, 277-293 (2001). DOI: 10.1002/cmr.1014