Publications
Schenk, E. Cook, C., Demorest, S., Burduli, E. (2019). CHANT: Climate, Health and Nursing Tool Item Development and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Annual Review of Nursing Research. (38): Nursing Perspectives on Environmental Health, 97.Johnson, S., Schenk, E. (2019) A Proposal: Nurse-Sensitive Environmental Indicators. Annual Review of Nursing Research Volume 38: Nursing Perspectives on Environmental Health, 265.
Sherily Pereira-Morales PhD, R. N. A., and D. N. P. Rachel Kerr. “Climate change should be on every nursing research agenda.” Oncology Nursing Forum. Vol. 47. No. 2. Oncology Nursing Society, 2020.
Schenk, E. C., Cook, C., Demorest, S., & Burduli, E. (2021). Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool (CHANT): Initial survey results. Public Health Nursing.
Winquist, A., Schenk, E. C., Cook, C., Demorest, S., & Burduli, E. (2022). Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool (CHANT): A confirmatory factor analysis. Public Health Nursing.
Jeong, D. W., Kim, G. S., & Park, M. K. (2022). Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the climate, health, and nursing tool. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 52(2), 173-186.
Park, M. K., Baek, S., & Kim, G. S. (2023). Factors influencing nursing graduate students’ perception and behavior related to climate change and health: A secondary data analysis. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing, 35(1), 71-83.
Portela Dos Santos, O., Perruchoud, É., Pereira, F., Alves, P., & Verloo, H. (2024). Measuring Nurses’ Knowledge and Awareness of Climate Change and Climate-Associated Diseases: Systematic Review of Existing Instruments. Nursing Reports, 14(4), 2850-2876.
Elia, M. R., Toygar, I., Tomlins, E., Bagcivan, G., Parsa, S., & Ginex, P. K. (2024). Climate change, climate disasters and oncology care: a descriptive global survey of oncology healthcare professionals. Supportive Care in Cancer, 32(11), 764.
Chung, S. J., Lee, H., & Jang, S. J. (2024). Factors affecting environmental sustainability attitudes among nurses–Focusing on climate change cognition and behaviours: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing.
Rangel, T., Johnson, S. E., Joubert, P., Timmerman, R., Smith, S., Springer, G., & Schenk, E. (2024). Comparisons of healthcare personnel relating to awareness, concern, motivation, and behaviors of climate and health: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing.
Demorest, S., Cook, C., Schenk, E., Harris, L. W., & Earley, A. (2024). School of nursing climate commitment: nursing faculty bring climate to the classroom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(5), 589.
Tiitta, I., Kopra, J., McDermott-Levy, R., Jaakkola, J. J., & Kuosmanen, L. (2025). Climate change perceptions among nursing students: A comparative study between Finland and the United States. Nurse Education Today, 146, 106541.
Park, M. K., Baek, S., Jeong, D. W., & Kim, G. S. (2025). Nurses’ perceptions and behaviours regarding climate change and health: a quantile regression analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 81(12), 8218-8229.
Portela Dos Santos O, Pereira Alves PJ, Verloo H. The CHANT’s Conceptual and Psychometric Validity in Switzerland: A Descriptive Three-Round Multicentre e-Delphi Study. Nurs Rep. 2025 Apr 26;15(5):141. doi: 10.3390/nursrep15050141. PMID: 40423175; PMCID: PMC12114412.
Wilson, R., Stanifer, S. R., Wiggins, A. T., & Walton, A. L. (2025). Oncology Nurses’ Awareness, Concern, Motivations, and Behaviors Related to Climate Change and Health. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 29(6).
Newcomb, P., Alexander, G., Bailey, S., & Martin, S. (2025). Texas Health Care Workers Respond to Climate Change. Public Health Nursing, 42(6), 1773-1779.
Russ, K. G., DasSarma, S., Gilden, R., Cloeren, M., Piermattei, W., Patel, S. T., … & Michalopoulos, L. T. (2025). Creating an Interprofessional Consortium on Climate and Health for Higher Education as a Step Toward a Sustainable Future. In North American and European Perspectives on Sustainability in Higher Education (pp. 817-833). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Results
CHANT data have been collected from 2019 through 2025. Investigators from 36 nations have used the tool. Responses have come from 56 nations, though the majority are from the United States.
Each year, respondents have shown a moderate to high level of awareness of health impacts of climate change. They have been less aware that health care contributes significant levels of greenhouse gases, the primary cause of climate change.
They report being quite concerned about climate and health, and not very optimistic that we will prevent further harm or prepare adequately for harm already underway.
They are motivated to act by many elements, including clean water and air, health, family, and others. The most frequent response given when asked about what demotivates them to act is “I’m overwhelmed”.
The health care respondents report talking with family and friends about climate and health regularly, with work professionals occasionally, and with elected officials rarely to never.
These general highlights have remained consistent across the six years of testing.