Skip to main content Skip to navigation
Manoj Karkee Agricultural Automation and Robotics Lab

Patents

  • Davidson, J.R., Mo, C., Zhang, Q., Silwal, A. and Karkee, M., Washington State University, 2017. Robotic systems, methods, and end-effectors for harvesting produce. U.S. Patent Application 15/383,000.
  • De Kleine, M., Karkee, M. and Ye, Y., Washington State University, 2016. Harvesting machine for formally trained orchards. U.S. Patent 9,468,146.

Books

  1. Karkee, M. and Q. Zhang (Eds.). 2019. Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In Press.

Book Chapters

  1. Karkee, M., Bhusal, S., & Zhang, Q. (2021). 3D Sensing Techniques and Systems. In Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics (Editors: Manoj Karkee and Qin Zhang), Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In Press.
  2. Zhang, Q., & Karkee, M. (2021). Agricultural and Field Robotics: An Introduction. In Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics (Editors: Manoj Karkee and Qin Zhang), Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In Press.
  3. Zhang, X., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2021). Machinery-Canopy Interactions in Tree Fruit Crops. In Fundamentals of Agricultural and Field Robotics (Editors: Manoj Karkee and Qin Zhang), Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In Press.
  4. Karkee, M., J. Gordón, B. Salato, and M. Whiting. 2019. Optimizing fruit production efficiencies via mechanization. 2019. In Achieving sustainable cultivation of temperate zone tree fruits and berries, Volume 1 – Physiology, genetics and cultivation (Editor: Dr Greg Lang). Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing.
  5. Zhang, Q., Karkee, A. Tabb. 2019. The Use of Agricultural Robots in Orchard Management. In Robotics and Automation for a More Sustainable Agriculture (Editor: John Billingsley); rXiv preprint arXiv:1907.13114 (2019).
  6. Karkee, M., Q. Zhang, and A. Silwal. Agricultural Robots for Precision Agricultural Tasks in Tree Fruit Orchards. In Innovation in Agricultural Robotics for Precision Agriculture (Editor: Avital Bechar). In Press.
  7. Shamshiri, R. R., A. Hameed, M. Karkee, and C. Weltzien. 2018. Robotic Harvesting of Fruiting Vegetables: A Simulation Approach in V-REP, ROS and MATLAB. In Automation in Agriculture – Securing Food Supplies for Future Generations (Editor Stephan Hussmann); ISBN 978-953-51-3874-7, Print ISBN 978-953-51-3873-0.
  8. Karkee, M., A. Silwal, J.R. Davidson. 2018. Mechanical Harvest and In-field Handling of Tree Fruit Crops. In Automation in Tree Fruit Production, Principles and Practice (Editor: Qin Zhang). CABI.
  9. Zhang, Q., Karkee and L. Khot. 2017. Mechanization and automation for apple production. In Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Apples (Editor: Kate Evans). Burleigh Dodds (28 pp). https://shop.bdspublishing.com/checkout/Store/bds/Detail/Product/3-190-9781786760326-011.
  10. Karkee, M., B. Steward, and J. Kruckeberg. 2013. Automation of Pesticide Application Systems. In Agricultural Automation: Fundamentals and Practices (Q. Zhang and F. Pierce editors; ISBN: 9781439880579). CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Peer Reviewed Journal Articles

  1. Lohan*, S., Naranga, M. K., Singha, M., & Karkee, M. (2021). Actuating Force Required for Operating Various Controls of a Walk-behind Type Paddy Transplanter Leading to Developing of Remotely Operated System. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health.
  2. Majeed*, Y., Karkee#, M., Zhang, Q., Fu, L., & Whiting, M. D. (2021). Development and performance evaluation of a machine vision system and an integrated prototype for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards. Journal of Field Robotics. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.22013
  3. Zhang*, X., Karkee#, M., Zhang, Q., & Whiting, M. D. (2020). Computer vision based tree trunk and branch identification and shaking points detection in dense-foliage canopy for automated harvesting of apples. Journal of Field Robotics, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21998
  4. Majeed*, Y., Karkee#, M., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Estimating the trajectories of vine cordons in full foliage canopies for automated green shoot thinning in vineyards. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 176, 105671.
  5. Zhang*, X., He, L., Zhang, J., Karkee, M., Whiting, M. D., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Determination of key canopy parameters for mass mechanical apple harvesting using supervised machine learning and principal component analysis (PCA). Biosystems Engineering, 193, 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.006
  6. Zhang*, X., He, L., Karkee, M., Whiting, M. D., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Field evaluation of targeted shake-and-catch harvesting technologies for fresh market apple. Transactions of the ASABE, 63(6), 1759–1771. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.13779
  7. Majeed*, Y., Karkee#, M., Zhang, Q., Fu, L., & Whiting, M. D. (2020). Determining grapevine cordon shape for automated green shoot thinning using semantic segmentation-based deep learning networks. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 171, 105308.
  8. Gao, F., Fu, L., Zhang, X., Majeed, Y., Li, R., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Multi-class fruit-on-plant detection for apple in SNAP system using Faster R-CNN. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 176, 105634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105634
  9. Fu*, L., Majeed, Y., Zhang, X., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Faster R-CNN-based apple detection in dense-foliage fruiting-wall trees using RGB and depth features for robotic harvesting. Biosystems Engineering, 197, 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.07.007
  10. Zhang, J., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Majeed, Y., Fu, L., & Wang, S. (2020). Multi-class object detection using Faster R-CNN and estimation of shaking locations for automated shake-and-catch apple harvesting. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 173, 105384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105384
  11. Fu*, L., Gao, F., Wu, J., Li, R., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Application of consumer RGB-D cameras for fruit detection and localization in field: A critical review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 177, 105687.
  12. Davidson, J., Bhusal, S., Mo, C., Karkee#, M., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Robotic Manipulation for Specialty Crop Harvesting: A Review of Manipulator and End-Effector Technologies. Global Journal of Agricultural and Allied Sciences, 2(1), 25-41.
  13. Majeed*, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Fu, L., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., & Whiting, M. D. (2020). Deep learning-based segmentation for automated training of apple trees on trellis wires. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 170, 105277.
  14. Fu*, H., Karkee#, M., He, L., Duan, J., Li, J., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Bruise Patterns of Fresh Market Apples Caused by Fruit-to-Fruit Impact. Agronomy, 10(1), 59.
  1. Sharda*, A., Karkee, M., Hoheisel, G., Zhang, Q., & Mangus, D. (2019). Design and Evaluation of Solid Set Canopy Delivery System for Spray Application in High-density Apple Orchards. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 35(5), 751–757.
  2. Santiago, W. E., Leite, N. J., Teruel, B. J., Karkee, M., Azania, C. A. M., & others. (2019). Evaluation of bag-of-features (BoF) technique for weed management in sugarcane production. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 13(11), 1819.
  3. Khanal*, K., Bhusal, S., Karkee#, M., Scharf, P., & Zhang, Q. (2019). Design of Improved and Semi-Automated Red Raspberry Cane Bundling and Taping Machine Based on Field Evaluation. Transactions of the ASABE, 62(3), 821–829.
  4. Bhusal*, S., Khanal, K., Goel, S., Karkee#, M., & Taylor, M. E. (2019). Bird Deterrence in a Vineyard Using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Transactions of the ASABE, 62(2), 561–569.
  5. He*, L., Zhang, X., Ye, Y., Karkee#, M., & Zhang, Q. (2019). Effect of shaking location and duration on mechanical harvesting of fresh market apples. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 35(2), 175–183.
  6. Hohimer, C. J., Wang, H., Bhusal, S., Miller, J., Mo, C., & Karkee, M. (2019). Design and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvesting system with a 3D-printed soft-robotic end-effector. Transactions of the ASABE, 62(2), 405–414.
  7. Zhang*, J., He, L., Karkee#, M., Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., & Gao, Z. (2018). Branch detection for apple trees trained in fruiting wall architecture using depth features and Regions-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 155, 386–393.
  8. Zhang*, X., He, L., Majeed, Y., Whiting, M. D., Karkee, M., & Zhang#, Q. (2018). A precision pruning strategy for improving efficiency of vibratory mechanical harvesting of apples. Transactions of the ASABE, 61(5), 1565–1576.
  9. Gongal*, A., Karkee#, M., & Amatya, S. (2018). Apple fruit size estimation using a 3D machine vision system. Information Processing in Agriculture, 5(4), 498–503.
  10. Ma*#, S., Karkee, M., Fu, H., Sun, D., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Evaluation of shake-and-catch mechanism in mechanical harvesting of apples. Transactions of the ASABE, 61(4), 1257–1263.
  11. Khanal*, K., Bhusal, S., Karkee#, M., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Raspberry Primocane Bundling and Taarkping Mechanisms. Transactions of the ASABE, 61(4), 1265–1274.
  12. Yamamoto*#, S., Karkee, M., Kobayashi, Y., Nakayama, N., Tsubota, S., Thanh, L. N. T., & Konya, T. (2018). 3D reconstruction of apple fruits using consumer-grade RGB-depth sensor. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 11(4), 159–168.
  13. Ma*#, S., Karkee, M., Scharf, P. A., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Adaptability of Chopper Harvester in Harvesting Sugarcane, Energy Cane, and Banagrass. Transactions of the ASABE, 61(1), 27–35.
  14. He*, L., Karkee#, M., Zhang, Q. (2018). Evaluation of a localized shake-and-catch harvesting system for fresh market apples. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 19(4), 36–44.
  15. Ma*#, S., Karkee, M., Scharf, P. A., Zhang, Q., Tong, J., & Yu, L. (2017). A study on the effects of harvester off-track errors on sugarcane stubble losses. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 33(6), 771–779.
  16. Amatya, S., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., & Whiting, M. D. (2017). Automated detection of branch shaking locations for robotic cherry harvesting using machine vision. Robotics, 6(4), 31.
  17. He*, L., Fu, H., Sun, D., Karkee#, M., & Zhang, Q. (2017). Shake-and-catch harvesting for fresh market apples in trellis-trained trees. Transactions of the ASABE, 60(2), 353–360.
  18. He*, L., Fu, H., Karkee, M., & Zhang#, Q. (2017). Effect of fruit location on apple detachment with mechanical shaking. Biosystems Engineering, 157, 63–71.
  19. Silwal*, A., Davidson, J. R., Karkee#, M., Mo, C., Zhang, Q., & Lewis, K. (2017). Design, integration, and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester. Journal of Field Robotics, 34(6), 1140–1159.
  20. Fu*, H., He, L., Ma, S., Karkee#, M., Chen, D., Zhang, Q., & Wang, S. (2017). ‘Jazz’apple impact bruise responses to different cushioning materials. Transactions of the ASABE, 60(2), 327–336.
  21. Zhou, J., He, L., Whiting, M., Amatya, S., Larbi, P. A., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Field evaluation of a mechanical-assist cherry harvesting system. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 9(4), 324–331.
  22. Silwal*, A., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2016). A hierarchical approach to apple identification for robotic harvesting. Transactions of the ASABE, 59(5), 1079–1086.
  23. Santiago*, W. E., Leite, N. J., Teruel, B. J., Karkee, M., Azania, C. A. M., & Vitorino, R. (2016). Development and testing of image processing algorithm to estimate weed infestation level in corn fields. Australian Journal of Crop Science.
  24. Davidson, J., Silwal*, A., Karkee, M., Mo, C., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Hand-picking dynamic analysis for undersensed robotic apple harvesting. Transactions of the ASABE, 59(4), 745–758.
  25. Li*, J., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., Xiao, K., & Feng, T. (2016). Characterizing apple picking patterns for robotic harvesting. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 127, 633–640.
  26. Ma*, S., Scharf, P. A., Zhang, Q., Karkee, M., Tong, J., & Yu, L. (2016). Effect of cane stool density and stubble height on sugarcane stubble damage in Hawaii fields. Transactions of the ASABE, 59(3), 813–820.
  27. Amatya*, S., & Karkee, M. (2016). Integration of visible branch sections and cherry clusters for detecting cherry tree branches in dense foliage canopies. Biosystems Engineering, 149, 72–81.
  28. Zhou, J., He, L., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Analysis of shaking-induced cherry fruit motion and damage. Biosystems Engineering, 144, 105–114.
  29. Zhou, J., He*, L., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Effect of catching surface and tilt angle on bruise damage of sweet cherry due to mechanical impact. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 121, 282–289.
  30. Amatya*, S., Karkee, M., Gongal, A., Zhang, Q., & Whiting, M. D. (2016). Detection of cherry tree branches with full foliage in planar architecture for automated sweet-cherry harvesting. Biosystems Engineering, 146, 3–15.
  31. De Kleine*, M. E., & Karkee, M. (2015). A semi-automated harvesting prototype for shaking fruit tree limbs. Transactions of the ASABE, 58(6), 1461–1470.
  32. Gongal*, A., Silwal, A., Amatya, S., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., & Lewis, K. (2016). Apple crop-load estimation with over-the-row machine vision system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 120, 26–35.
  33. He*, L., Zhou, J., Zhang, Q., & Karkee, M. (2015). Evaluation of multipass mechanical harvesting on ‘Skeena’sweet cherries trained to Y-trellis. HortScience, 50(8), 1178–1182.
  1. Ma*, S., Scharf, P. A., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2014). Performance evaluation of a chopper harvester in Hawaii sugarcane fields. 2014 Montreal, Quebec Canada July 13–July 16, 2014, 1.
  2. Gongal*, A., Amatya, S., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., & Lewis, K. (2015). Sensors and systems for fruit detection and localization: A review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 116, 8–19. Most Downloaded in Jan 2016
  3. Larbi*, P. A., Karkee, M., Amatya, S., Zhang, Q., & Whiting, M. D. (2015). Modification and field evaluation of an experimental mechanical sweet cherry harvester. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 31(3), 387–397.
  4. Larbi*, P. A., Vong, C. N., & Karkee, M. (2015). A Study of Operator Performance for a Mechanical Sweet Cherry Harvester: Comparison between Manual and Remote-Controlled Operation. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 21(3), 145–157.
  5. De Kleine*, M. E., & Karkee, M. (2015). Evaluating a non-newtonian shear-thickening surface during fruit impacts. Transactions of the ASABE, 58(3), 907–915.
  6. Karkee, M., & Adhikari*, B. (2015). A method for three-dimensional reconstruction of apple trees for automated pruning. Transactions of the ASABE, 58(3), 565–574.
  7. Sharda*, A., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., Ewlanow, I., Adameit, U., & Brunner, J. (2015). Effect of emitter type and mounting configuration on spray coverage for solid set canopy delivery system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 112, 184–192.
  8. Silwal*, A., Gongal, A., & Karkee, M. (2014). Apple identification in field environment with over the row machine vision system. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 16(4), 66–75.
  9. Ma*, S., Karkee, M., Scharf, P. A., & Zhang, Q. (2014). Sugarcane harvester technology: a critical overview. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 30(5), 727–739.
  10. Zhou, J., He, L., Zhang, Q., & Karkee, M. (2014). Effect of excitation position of a handheld shaker on fruit removal efficiency and damage in mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry. Biosystems Engineering, 125, 36–44.
  11. Karkee, M., Adhikari*, B., Amatya, S., & Zhang, Q. (2014). Identification of pruning branches in tall spindle apple trees for automated pruning. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 103, 127–135.
  12. Larbi*, A., & Karkee, M. (2014). Effects of orchard characteristics and operator performance on harvesting rate of a mechanical sweet cherry harvester. GSTF Journal on Agricultural Engineering (JAE), 1(1), 1–11.
  13. Amatya*, S., Karkee, M., Alva, A. K., Larbi, P., & Adhikari, B. (2014). Hyperspectral imaging for detecting water stress in potatoes. GSTF Journal on Agricultural Engineering, 1(1), 52–61.
  14. Zhou, J., He, L., Zhang, Q., Du, X., Chen, D., & Karkee, M. (2013). Evaluation of the influence of shaking frequency and duration in mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 29(5), 607–612.
  15. He, L., Zhou, J., Du, X., Chen, D., Zhang, Q., & Karkee, M. (2013). Energy efficacy analysis of a mechanical shaker in sweet cherry harvesting. Biosystems Engineering, 116(4), 309–315.
  16. He, L., Zhang, Q., Du, X., Luo, R., & Karkee, M. (2012). A twining robot for high-trellis string tying in hops production. Transactions of the ASABE, 55(5), 1667–1673.
  17. Karkee, M., McNaull, R. P., Birrell, S. J., & Steward, B. L. (2012). Estimation of optimal biomass removal rate based on tolerable soil erosion for single-pass crop grain and biomass harvesting system. Transactions of the ASABE, 55(1), 107–115.
  18. Abd Aziz, S., Steward, B. L., Kaleita, A., & Karkee, M. (2012). Assessing the effects of DEM uncertainty on erosion rate estimation in an agricultural field. Transactions of the ASABE, 55(3), 785–798.
  19. Karkee, M., & Steward, B. L. (2011). Parameter estimation and validation of a tractor and single axle towed implement dynamic system model. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 77(2), 135–146.
  20. Karkee, M., Steward, B. L., Kelkar, A. G., & Kemp, Z. T. (2011). Modeling and real-time simulation architectures for virtual prototyping of off-road vehicles. Virtual Reality, 15(1), 83–96.
  21. Karkee, M., & Steward, B. L. (2010). Study of the open and closed loop characteristics of a tractor and a single axle towed implement system. Journal of Terramechanics, 47(6), 379–393.
  22. Karkee, M., & Steward, B. L. (2010). Local and global sensitivity analysis of a tractor and single axle grain cart dynamic system model. Biosystems Engineering, 106(4), 352–366.
  23. Abd Aziz, S., Steward, B. L., & Karkee, M. (2010). Using Spatial Uncertainty of Prior Measurements to Design Adaptive Sampling of Elevation Data. Transactions of the ASABE, 53(2), 349–357.
  24. Karkee, M., Steward, B. L., Tang, L., & Aziz, S. A. (2009). Quantifying sub-pixel signature of paddy rice field using an artificial neural network. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 65(1), 65–76.
  25. Abd Aziz, S., Steward, B. L., Tang, L., & Karkee, M. (2009). Utilizing repeated GPS surveys from field operations for development of agricultural field DEMs. Transactions of the ASABE, 52(4), 1057–1067.
  26. Karkee, M., Steward, B. L., & Abd Aziz, S. (2008). Improving quality of public domain digital elevation models through data fusion. Biosystems Engineering, 101(3), 293–305.

Referred Conference Proceedings

  1. Bhattarai*, U., Bhusal, S. & Karkee, M. (2020). Automated Blossom Detection in Apple Trees using Deep Learning. Twenty First IFAC World Congress, Berlin, Germany, July, 12-17 2020 (Virtual).
  2. You*, A., Sukkar, F., Fitch, R., Karkee, M., & Davidson, J. R. (2020). An efficient planning and control framework for pruning fruit trees. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)(pp. 3930-3936).
  1. Zhang*, X., Fu, L., Karkee, M., Whiting, M. D., & Zhang, Q. (2019). Canopy Segmentation Using ResNet for Mechanical Harvesting of Apples. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(30), 300–305.
  2. Fu*, H., Duan, J., Karkee, M., He, L., Xia, H., Li, J., & Zhang, Q. (2019). Effect of Shaking Amplitude and Capturing Height on Mechanical Harvesting of Fresh Market Apples. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(30), 306–311.
  3. Bhusal*, S., Bhattarai, U., & Karkee, M. (2019). Improving Pest Bird Detection in a Vineyard Environment using Super-Resolution and Deep Learning. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(30), 18–23.
  4. Majeed*, Y., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., Fu, L., & Whiting, M. D. (2019). A Study on the Detection of Visible Parts of Cordons Using Deep Learning Networks for Automated Green Shoot Thinning in Vineyards. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(30), 82–86.
  5. Bhusal*, S., Khanal, K., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Cane Detection and Localization for Automated Cane Management in Red Raspberry Plant. International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 21-25 May 2018 | Brisbane
  6. Fu*, H., Duan, J., Karkee, M., He, L., Chen, D., Sun, D., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Quantifying fruit quality affected by mechanical impact for selected apple varieties. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17), 250–255.
  7. Khanal, K., Bhusal, S., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Distinguishing one year and two year old canes of red raspberry plant using spectral reflectance. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17), 39–44.
  8. Fu*, L., Feng, Y., Majeed, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Kiwifruit detection in field images using Faster R-CNN with ZFNet. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17), 45–50.
  9. Majeed*, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Fu, L., Karkee, M., Zhang, Q., & Whiting, M. D. (2018). Apple tree trunk and branch segmentation for automatic trellis training using convolutional neural network based semantic segmentation. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17), 75–80.
  10. Zhang*, X., Fu, L., Majeed, Y., He, L., Karkee, M., Whiting, M. D., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Field evaluation of data-based pruning severity levels (PSL) on mechanical harvesting of apples. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17), 477–482.
  11. Wang, H., Hohimer, C. J., Bhusal, S., Karkee, M., Mo, C., & Miller, J. H. (2018). Simulation as a tool in designing and evaluating a robotic apple harvesting system. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17), 135–140.
  12. Chen*, L., Karkee, M., He, L., Wei, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Evaluation of a Leveling System for a Weeding Robot under Field Condition. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(17), 368–373.
  13. Shrestha*, A., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Mechanism for bundling and tying of red raspberry primocanes. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(16), 166–170.
  14. Ma*, S., Karkee, M., Fu, H., Sun, D., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Air suspension-based catching mechanism for mechanical harvesting of apples. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(16), 353–358.
  15. He*, L., Fu, H., Karkee, M., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Effect of fruit location on apple detachment with mechanical shaking. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(16), 293–298.
  16. Fu*, H., He, L., Ma, S., Karkee, M., Chen, D., Zhang, Q., & Wang, S. (2016). Bruise responses of apple-to-apple impact. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(16), 347–352.
  17. Chen*, L., Kaewkorn, S., He, L., Zhang, Q., & Karkee, M. (2016). Design and Evaluation of a Levelling System for a Weeding Robot. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(16), 299–304.
  18. Davidson*, J. R., Silwal, A., Hohimer, C. J., Karkee, M., Mo, C., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Proof-of-concept of a robotic apple harvester. 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 634–639.
  19. Davidson*, J., Mo, C., Silwal, A., Karkee, M., Li J., Xiao K., & Zhang Q. (2015). Human-Machine Collaboration for Robotic Harvesting of Fresh Market Apples. ICRA 2015 Workshop on Robotics in Agriculture; 30 May, 2015; Seattle, WA.
  20. Gongal, A., Amatya, S., Karkee*, M., Zhang, Q., & Lewis, K. (2014). Identification of Repetitive Apples for Improved Crop-Load Estimation with Dual-Side Imaging. Proceedings of The 19th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control; 24-29 August 2014; Cape Town, South Africa.
  21. Monga, M., Karkee, M., Sun, S., KiranTondehal, L., Steward, B., & Zambreno, J. (2012). Real-time Simulation of Dynamic Vehicle Models using a High-performance Reconfigurable Platform. International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2012, June 4-6, 2012, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
  22. Karkee, M., Monga, M., Steward, B. L., Zambreno, J., & Kelkar, A. G. (2010). Real-time simulation and visualization architecture with field programmable gate array (FPGA) simulator. ASME World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality, 49088, 219–227.
  23. Aziz*, S. A., Steward, B. L., Tang, L., & Karkee, M. (2006). Multiple GPS measurements for digital elevation model. Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 23-25 July 2006, Orlando Florida, 329.