Characterization XRD Panalytical X’pert Pro UV-Vis Evolution 260 Bio UV-Vis-NIR Cary 7000 DTA-TGA TA Instruments SDT-Q600 VSM PMC MicroMag 2900/3900 Impedance Gamry Interface 1000E Pycnometer AccuPyc II 1340 DLTS Sula modules FTIR Bruker ALPHA Raman Spectrometer DXR2I Raman Imaging Spectrometer Optical Microscope BX53-P Olympus Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope JSM-IT800 X-ray Absorption (XAS) EasyXAFS 300+